Particles Of The Weak Interaction Space.
The weak interaction is short-acting. It manifests itself at distances much smaller than the atomic nucleus (about a thousand times smaller than the size of the atomic nucleus).
The carriers of the weak interaction are considered to be minus (plus) W bosons and Z bosons. But the fact that W+ and W-bosons are carriers of the weak interaction may not be true. The results obtained by the physicists of the CDF collaboration on the Tevatron showed that the masses of the W boson will differ markedly - the smallest of them (electronic) will still not coincide with the prediction of the Standard Model.
W+ and W-bosons are observed only in the decays of heavy particles, and in no other processes, and the fact that they take part in the decays of heavy particles and the formation of lighter particles is not a sign that they are quanta of the weak interaction field. In addition, they themselves decay into lighter stable elementary particles.
Carriers of any interaction can only be stable particles with a lifetime much longer than that of W+ and W-bosons, such as photons. Therefore , in this respect , the photon is a unique particle .
The vibrational–rotational components of Z bosons can be considered as components corresponding to the u-quark, u – antiquark, which received additional spin properties during the transition to the Space of Weak Interactions. The vibrational –rotational components of W plus bosons can be considered as components
corresponding to the u - quark, d - antiquark, which received additional properties during the transition to the Space of Weak Interactions. Vibrational –rotational components of W minus bosons as components
corresponding to u – antiquark, d - quark, which received additional properties during the transition to the Space of Weak Interactions. They often break up into these components. These are unstable particles with a lifetime of about ten to minus the twentieth fifth degree. Which decay channel the particle chooses depends on what energy the particle has at the decay stage . Therefore, there may be several channels of its decay.
The probability of decay is a function of several factors determining it. The most important of them is the type of interaction that is responsible for the ongoing decay. The probabilities of processes occurring according to one or another type of interaction depend (as a rule) on the square of the interaction constant. For example, delta-isobar decay occurs by strong interaction, it corresponds to a high probability and a short tau lifetime of 0.5 x 10^ -23 sec. The processes of electromagnetic interaction have a constant of about two
orders of magnitude less strong, their corresponding average lifetimes are higher than ~10^-19sec. The weak interactions (of which beta decays are an example) have a constant about 6 orders of magnitude smaller than the strong interactions. Therefore, their typical average lifetimes are greater than 10^-12 seconds.
The relationship between the interaction constants and the decay probabilities also determines the most probable path of decay of an unstable nucleus or particle in cases where several such paths, the so-called decay channels, are possible.
In addition to the type of interactions, the probability of decay is also determined by
1) the kinetic energy of the emitted particles and
2) the moments of the amount of motion carried away by radiation.
The higher the probability of decay, the greater the transition energy.
The influence of this factor on the probability of decay is often masked by the influence of the second factor – i.e., the amount of motion carried away by radiation.
Most likely, the potential energy of particles during their formation and decay changes during transitions from one space to another, and contributes to an increase in the total mass of the particle (i.e., the energy of the particle). The kinetic energy of particle motion in a collision passes into the internal kinetic and potential energy of the attractors during the formation of attractors of higher or lower orders (depending on the kinetic energy of the colliding particles). These types of attractors are different types of particles or combinations of them.
Plus, minus W and Z bosons are considered analogs of photons in electromagnetic interactions, i.e. particles carriers of weak interaction. In fact, W - bosons are intermediate particles involved in decays with weak interaction, and they can be considered as a consequence of the acquisition of an additional potential and a new structure in the Space of Strong or Weak Interactions by u and d quarks, antiquarks or other particles during their short-term fusion or transition of particles from one space to another. At the same time, depending on the directions of rotation of the structures that formed them (particles or antiparticles) they become W+ or W-bosons having left or right helicity (depending on the direction they acquire during formation). And during decays, W-bosons decay into electrons and antineutrinos along the left-hand helicity and into hadrons along the right-hand spiral. W+ bosons decay into positrons and neutrinos along the right-hand helicity and into hadrons along the left-hand helix.
Plus, minus W bosons and Z bosons manifest themselves only in the formation and decay of particles, (and in no other processes) and the duration of their existence is about 3x10 in minus twenty-fifth degree of a second. In decays involving plus or minus W bosons, they accompany the decays of left-polarized particles or right-polarized antiparticles. Z –bosons, unlike W –bosons, cannot change the charge or flavor of particles during decay, but only change the spin and momentum of particles. In fact, these bosons are two different sides of the same physical process - the formation, short-term existence and decay of unstable particles.
Energy is absorbed in portions not only by the atomic nucleus, but also by elementary particles. In quantum mechanics, a formula has long been known in which the product of Planck's constant by the radiation frequency is equal to the energy of the electron transition from a higher energy level in an atom to a lower level. At the same time, the electron always tends to get a level with a lower energy. Like these energy levels in atoms, there are also energy levels for elementary particles, but unlike atoms, the energy levels of particles are related to the internal structure of particles. The energy of elementary particles is also absorbed and given away in portions. This is most clearly seen in the example of particle decay.
So there are analogous particles of the electron, of the second and third generation, or better to say of the second and third level, having a much larger mass than that of the electron - muon and taon, which, when moving from a higher level to a lower one, decay into similar elementary particles. So the muon decays into an electron plus an electron antineutrino plus a muon neutrino. The taon in one of the decay channels (during the transition from level 3 immediately to level 1) decays into an electron, plus an electron antineutrino plus a taon neutrino. The difference is that instead of a muon neutrino, a taon neutrino is formed. The difference between muon and taon neutrinos is the difference in their energies, which is a reflection of the difference in the energy levels at which the muon and taon are located. Another of the decay channels ( when switching from level 3 to 2 ) is the formation of a muon plus a muon antineutrino plus a taon neutrino. Already in this very process of disintegration, a pattern can be noticed. Next, the muon decays with the process described above. The existing one more channel of taon decay is explained by the fact that the transition from a higher energy level to a lower level can occur both along the right-hand and left-hand energy spiral. When moving in one direction of the spiral, decay occurs along the two channels described above. During the decay of the taon along the right-hand energy spiral, the formation of hadrons occurs. When the anti-ion decays, the process has a mirror image of the taon decay process, i.e. ( for example, when moving from level 3 to level 1, it will decay into a positron plus an electron neutrino plus a taon antineutrino ). During muon decay, the process of hadron formation does not occur because there is not enough energy.
Also, the existence of different energy levels and the quantization of their energies can be observed by the example of the decay of particles with the participation of W-bosons and Z-bosons. The attractor particles of higher energy levels decay into particles of lower energy levels with intermediate decay into W+ or W-bosons. The decay of particles during the transition from level 2 to level 1 is accompanied by the formation of a W+ boson at level 1, which decays into a positron and an electron neutrino. The W bosons at level 1 decays into an electron and an electron antineutrino. There will be no difference in the energies of the formed particles. The difference between them will only be in the opposite direction of rotation of these particles in their isotopic space. During the decay of particles during the transition from level 3 to level
2 The released W- (or W+) bosons decay at level 2. In this case, a muon (or antimuon) plus a muon antineutrino (or muon neutrino) will be formed, respectively. The third channel of particle decay with
the participation of W+ and W-bosons will differ in that the separation of W bosons will occur at level 3 with the decay of W bosons into taon ( antitaon) plus antitaon ( taon) neutrino with subsequent decay of the taon ( antitaon ) up to stable particles (electron, neutrino and antineutrino of three types).
Considering all these decays of particles on the example of taon, muon, as well as decays of particles with the participation of W bosons, it can be concluded that the energy during decays, and hence the formation of particles, is dosed. Their energy is absorbed and given away in portions.
The particles of the Space of Weak Interactions are attractors present both in the Space of Weak Interactions and in the Space of Strong Interactions and the Space of Electromagnetic Interactions, but ultimately tending to a stable state in the Space of Electromagnetic Interactions. The mass of the Z boson is 91.18 GeV. The mass of the W boson is 80.38 GeV. 2. Unlike photons, they have mass, and in addition, W bosons have an electric charge (plus or minus). The positive or negative charge of W bosons is determined by the direction of the rotational component of the boson parallel to the Plane of the Lepton Charge. Whether a particle has mass is also determined by the presence of the rotational component of the particle. For example, a photon has no rotational component in the Space of Electromagnetic Interactions, so it has no rest mass and charge. Other particles in their topology ( in the Space of Electromagnetic Interactions ) they have a rotational motion , so they have at least a small mass . Decays of particles in which W bosons participate leads to a change in the charge of particles or the transformation of some leptons and quarks into other leptons and quarks. Particle decays involving Z bosons do not change the charges of particles and transform into other types of leptons and quarks. All leptons and quarks participate in the weak interaction. Plus and minus W bosons are antiparticles to each other. The Z boson has no antiparticle. It is an antiparticle for itself, i.e. it is a truly neutral particle. At energies of several hundred GeV, the weak interaction becomes comparable to the intensity of electromagnetic interactions, so they can be described as one electroweak interaction.
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