Strong interaction .
It is believed that the carrier of the strong interaction is gluon. According to the currently accepted version, - gluon is a vector particle that does not exist in a free state under normal conditions, having eight different varieties depending on which direction of coordinates the vector has in the Space of Strong Interactions.
Graphically , the gluon can be represented as a two – vector particle with a rotation vector increasing the energy value of the vector ( color ) in the same plane and a rotation vector reducing the energy of the vector ( anti-color ) perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the color. The baryon charge of the gluon is considered to be zero. There are three colors of the gluon, because there is a three-coordinate space in which the gluon exists. The rotation vector of the gluon, depending on the plane of its rotation and the increase or decrease of its energy in this plane, is called color and anti-color: red and anti-red, blue and anti-blue, green and anti-green. A gluon can have only two components that characterize its energy state and correspond to a certain color – an anti-color. Each direction of the vector has its own energy component, just as different orientation (different angle) of photons in the Space of Electromagnetic Interactions corresponds to different frequencies and energy of oscillations. The lowest-energy colors can conditionally be chosen red and anti - red. Further green and anti - green color. Then blue and anti - blue color. Also, there are colorless gluons consisting of vectors of the opposite color.
In fact, gluon as a particle with a very high probability does not exist. An inconvenient and contradictory theory with gluons (particles arising only between quarks in the field of strong interaction), which begin to multiply as the distance between quarks increases, so that an additional force appears holding them together seems very attracted. What is attributed to gluon is the resonance of vibrational-rotational and vibrational vectors (vibrational - rotational and vibrational components) of u and d quarks in the Space of Electromagnetic Interactions, and "color" is the change in the energy of vectors (vibrational components) of quarks during their rotational motion in the Space of Electromagnetic Interactions. The interaction between quarks in protons and neutrons occurs due to the occurrence of a resonant connection between the vibrational-rotational vector of one quark and the vibrational vector of another quark. The resonant connection between vibrational vectors presupposes their coincidence of the projections of the direction vectors and the consistency of motion in the Space of Electromagnetic Interactions or in the Space of Strong Interactions.
Strong interactions can be described by the equation :
( EG – ER ) / t = F x v
(EG – ER ) - the magnitude of the change in the energy of the vibrational-rotational and vibrational components of interacting quarks, during the transition from one color to another color.
t is the time during which this energy change occurs;
( EG - ER ) / t , - is the rate of change of energy, ( the value is constant ).
F - is the force of interaction that occurs when the energy changes,
v - the rate of change of energy, (the value is constant in the non-excited state).
The product F x v -the power of the interaction of quarks . This value is a constant if the system is not in an excited state. If the distance between quarks decreases, it decreases, and increases with increasing distance between them.
The force of interaction between quarks is equal to :
F = ( EG - ER ) / v x t.
The product v x t = const - it is a constant value in the non-excited state, but the multipliers change their value in the excited state of quarks.
The strength of the strong interaction between quarks does not decrease with increasing distance between them, as can be seen from the formula.
In a proton, where there are two u-quarks and one d-quark, a resonant connection will arise between the vibrational-rotational vector of the u-quark No. 1 and the vibrational vector of the d-quark. At the same time, a resonant connection will arise between the vibrational-rotational vector of the d-quark and the vibrational vector of the u-quark.2. There will also be a resonant connection between the vibrational-rotational vector of the u-quark No.2 and the vibrational vector of u-quark No. 1. According to the Pauli principle, two or more identical fermions cannot be in the same quantum state in a quantum mechanical system. Therefore, the energy of quarks and the energy of resonant bonds between quarks will be distributed in different ways. When the orientation in the Space of Electromagnetic Interactions of the vibrational-rotational string u-quark No. 1 corresponds to the lowest energy (red color according to chromodynamics), the orientation of the vibrational–rotational string d- The quark will take such a direction in the Space of Electromagnetic Interactions in which its energy will correspond to the blue color according to chromodynamics, and the vibrational-rotational string of u-quark No. 2 will take an orientation with the energy corresponding to the green color in chromodynamics. Since the process of vibrational-rotational motion of strings in quarks is continuous, the energy of each quark will alternately take values corresponding to red, blue and green in chromodynamics. This transition of quarks from one color to another will be accompanied by a change in the resonant energy of the connection between the strings. The change in the binding energy will correspond to the anti-color color in chromodynamics. An increase in the binding energy in a certain direction will correspond to the color (red, blue, green) . Reducing the binding energy in a certain direction will correspond to anti-color (anti-red, anti- blue, anti –green).
Only the action of resonance forces can explain the nature of the action of such contradictory forces connecting quarks into nucleons, when with an increase in the distance between them, the action of their binding forces remains constant, and when these forces approach, they begin to repel quarks from a certain distance. Experiments in which hadron jets were observed and which are cited as evidence of the existence of vector gluons can also be cited as proof of the existence of a resonance between the vibrational-rotational and vibrational vectors of the quarks themselves. The relationship between nucleons ( protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus ) It also has a resonant nature, but it refers to the resonance between vibrational – rotational strings of quarks in the Space of Strong Interactions, when the vibrational-rotational string of one nucleon is in resonance with the vibrational –rotational string of another nucleon. At the same time, the binding energy between nucleons is less than the binding energy between quarks. Gluons were invented by analogy with electromagnetic interactions, as particles exchanged by quarks in the strong interaction. It is also believed that with strong interactions of nucleons ( protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus ) nucleons exchange mesons. Such an exchange of particles can only be considered as an exchange of virtual particles, similar to the exchange of virtual photons in electromagnetic interactions. But if there is no doubt about the physical existence of photons and mesons, then one can be mistaken about the physical existence of gluons for a long time, but one day it will become clear that they can only be considered as virtual particles. corresponding to a certain color – anti-color.
Experiments in which hadron jets were observed and which are cited as evidence of the existence of vector gluons can also be cited as proof of the existence of a resonance between the vibrational-rotational and vibrational vectors of the quarks themselves.
Thus, the resonance of the vibrational-rotational vector of one quark and the vibrational vector of another quark in the Space of Electromagnetic Interactions are the cause of the strong interaction between quarks. The resonance of the vibrational-rotational vector of one nucleon with the vibrational-rotational vector of another nucleon in the Space of Strong Interactions is the cause of the strong interaction between the nucleons in the atom. The resonance between the vibrational vector of one particle and the vibrational vector of another particle in the Space of Electromagnetic Interactions is the cause of the phenomenon of entanglement between particles.