Wave secondary current source .
Alternating electric current is a wave process that is described by wave parameters: the amplitude of the EMF, voltage and current, and frequency in an electrical circuit. Therefore, the same physical phenomena that occur in other wave processes should be observed in an electrical circuit. Waves have such a physical phenomenon as superpositions of waves, when when one wave is superimposed on another, there is an increase or decrease in their phases. At the same time, nodes, depressions and antinodes appear. There are also standing waves, waves in which the interference pattern of the spatial distribution of depressions and antinodes persists for a long time.
This physical phenomenon is used in the proposed secondary current source. A distinctive feature of this source from others in which a transformer is used to convert the voltage level is that, in addition to the secondary winding feeding the consumer 4, and the primary winding n11, an additional primary winding n12 connected in parallel to each other and secondary windings n2 and n3 are introduced. The secondary current source contains a single–phase multi-winding power transformer 1 consisting of two separate rods, in which the winding 11 is primary and connected to a power source (single-phase alternator). Winding n12 is an additional primary winding assembled on a separate transformer rod. When the system is operating, when the winding n11 transmits a pulse, the winding n12 is the receiving winding and vice versa. Winding 3 is a winding that conventionally receives a voltage pulse. ( Conditionally, because winding 2 also receives a voltage pulse from winding n11, but its value is less than the pulse of winding 3 by several volts ) Winding 2 is a conditionally transmitting pulse winding. (Because winding 2 can also transmit a current pulse). Winding 4 is the secondary winding for connecting the load . Zener diodes 5 and 6 perform the role of limiting the voltage amplitude and are designed for a stabilization voltage equal to the nominal voltage of the primary power supply plus 2 ... 3 volts. Capacitors C2 , C3 pos. 2 , 3 serve to compensate for inductances in circuits with windings of 2, 3 transformers and are selected in such a way that the voltage resonance conditions are met at the frequency of the generator:
L2 x W = 1/ (C2 x w) and L3 x w = 1/(C3 x w) .
Capacitors C1 , C4 pos. 1, 4 are used to compensate for inductances in the circuits by the windings 2, 3 of the transformer and the inductive capacitances of the generator and electric motor in the corresponding circuits of the transformer windings 1, 4 and are selected in such a way that the voltage resonance conditions are met at the frequency w of the generator:
( L1 +LG ) x w = 1/ (C1 x w) and ( L4 + L D ) x w = 1/ (C4 x w) .
Capacitor Sf pos. 6 is used to create a parallel resonance in the bandpass filter circuit ; inductance Lf pos. 8 is part of the bandpass filter; pos. 9 - balanced resistance Rb .
The secondary power supply works as follows. The input of the power supply is supplied with alternating voltage U1, current strength J1. Input power P1=U1 x J1. The transformer converts input voltages and current with transformation coefficients K2=n2/n11 = 1, K2=n3/n11 =n, K4=n4/n11=1 for all windings, where n11, n2, n3, n4 is the number of turns in the corresponding windings.
Capacitor Sf pos. 7 and inductance Lf pos. 8 connected in parallel are selected in such a way that the condition of parallel resonance is fulfilled in a parallel circuit formed by inductance Lf and capacitor Cf with a minimum current J3 :
J21 + J22 = J3, i.e. the input resistance of the bandpass filter circuit at resonance will tend to infinity and such connection does not affect the harmonic component of the output voltage with frequency w .
Z =((J x Lf x w x 1/(J x Sf x w ))/ J x [ Lf x w - 1/( Sf x w)] = infinity sign
Parameters of the elements of the circuit formed by a parallel connection of the included capacitance of the capacitor Cf pos.7 , inductance Lf pos.8 are selected from the condition of providing resonance at the frequency of the voltage of the primary power supply. In this case, the voltage transfer coefficient of winding 3 to winding 2 is equal to one, i.e. it is transmitted losslessly.
In the case of a conventional connection of a secondary power source ( without the participation of windings 2, 3 and 11 ), the electrical state of the windings 11 and 4 is described by the equations :
U1 – (R1 +Rb ) x J1 = - E11 ;
U4 + R4 x J4 = E4 ;
E11/E4 =n1/n4 = 1
When the windings are connected according to Figure 1, additional voltage increments U 12 appear at the terminals of the generator, which will be in opposite phase to the voltage at the terminals of the generator that the generator outputs. That is , the principle of superposition of voltages in the primary winding is implemented .
With this connection, a positive feedback can be formed. To limit the uncontrolled voltage growth on the windings, zener diodes 5 and 6 are used.
E2 – J3 x R2 < Ust (zener diode stabilization voltage)
Due to the circuit formed by the windings 11 and 12, and the filter formed by the capacitor 7 and the inductance 8, an additional voltage increment occurs at the terminals of the generator. In this case, the total voltage at the terminals of the generator will be less than the primary voltage in it, and in winding 4, the total voltage will be greater than the primary voltage (the voltage that would be without connecting the circuit with windings 2 and 3). The voltage increment in winding 1 will be directed to decrease the primary voltage, and in winding 4 the voltage increment will increase by the same amount.
The power in the circuit with winding 4 when implementing the superposition principle will be equal to :
P4 = U4 x J4
With the usual connection of the transformer, the principle of power transmission is implemented, in which the power of the primary winding is transferred to the secondary, taking into account losses. At the same time, if the transformer transformation coefficient is n > 1, then the voltage in the secondary winding will increase by n times, and the current strength will decrease by the same number of times. With superposition, this principle will not be fulfilled.
Such a transformation of the characteristics of alternating current in the windings of the secondary power source , which has the character of a superposition , has significant advantages over conventional power sources because it significantly reduces the effort required to overcome the magnetic moment of the Mg generator by its drive motor due to a new redistribution of voltages and currents . Therefore, a lower-power engine and a smaller battery capacity can be used to work with the generator.