Cities of Khazaria. Kromos Estatium
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The khazar cities here include not only those cities that were built by the khazar architects, but also those that were built before the arrival of the khazars, were used by the khazars for their needs and tasks for a long time.
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Suunch-Kala on the Sunzha **
This city is mentioned in the georgian chronicle «Kartlis Tskhovreba», where it is called the capital of Caucasian Kumania.
The georgian chronicle places this city on the Syuyunch-Suv river, it is assumed that this is the Sunzha river.
Historians name several similar cities on the Kumyk plain that appeared in the hunno-khazar period, which also existed during the Golden Horde era. These are Targu, Koyun-Kala on the Sulak river, Tyumen at the mouth of the Terek, Arkas of the 8th century in the Buinak district, Almak of the 10th century, and Ancient Kadar, connected in the Khazarian era in a single system of control over ancient trade routes from south to north and from east to west.
Since ancient times, the territory of the Kumyk intermountain has been characterized by the softness of its flat, foothill climate. This made it possible to graze cattle and engage in farming all year round. From cereals, wheat, barley, millet, oats, and rice were grown here. Cotton and silk were also cultivated here.
Since there was a military garrison here for several centuries, the local population mastered the production of weapons and horse breeding.
Since the beginning of the functioning of the huns Kingdom, a tribal core based on an autochthonous population with an alien hunno-savir substratum, called kumyks, began to form in its bowels.
Kumyks enjoyed authority among the mountaineers, their khagans and shamkhals always stood at the head of local detachments when they had to participate in the eastern campaigns of the huns, khazars and persians.
During these campaigns, the kumyks were in frequent relations with the asians in the east, with Rus in the north, with the turan tribes, while perceiving many elements of their culture, which allowed them to stand out among the mountain peoples.
Urban kumyk complements mountain clothing with elements of european-style dresses. Kumyk people's chorus reflects the thinking ability, powers of observation, with strict notions of honor.
On the territory of the Kumyk platform there were many ancient cities and fortresses noted in the chronicles of ancient authors. In general, these were not only fortresses, but also populous cities with well-developed rural settlements and crafts, connected in a single customs network during the era of the huns and the Khazar Khaganate. Some of them flourished in the Golden Horde period.
Syunch-Kala was a city and fortress, which during the Golden Horde became the possession of a local Prince, whom the Horde khans supported with weapons and trade opportunities.
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