Cities of Khazaria. Kromos Estatium
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The khazar cities here include not only those cities that were built by the khazar architects, but also those that were built before the arrival of the khazars, were used by the khazars for their needs and tasks for a long time.
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Sudak Crimean **
Also earlier Surozh at greeks, Sugdeya, Sugray at khazars.
This city is identified with a settlement on the site of the current city of the same name in the Crimea between Feodosia and Alushta.
The ancient city of Sugdea was named Sudak after the ottomans conquered Crimea in 1475.
The etymology of the new name is mixed. The name Sudak is mixed with the Crimean tatar, turkic-ottoman, indo-iranian, and alano-ossetian names of the area where Sudak is located. This is a mountain by the water, and a hollow with a stream, and a sacred stream, and a clean place.
Since the end of the 8th century, the city was under the rule of the Khazarus state. The khazars from that time begin to build their fortifications in the Crimean cities, including Sugdea. At that time, the area of the city was at least 20 hectares.
Since the middle of the 9th century, the khazar administration of the Crimea stayed here, and with it there was a military garrison. Khazar troops flocked here during major military campaigns.
Jewish chroniclers report that in the city of Sogdia there was a jewish merchant community that paid a single tax to the treasury of the khazar Tudun, thus paying off participation in military operations. After the collapse of Khazaria in the 10th century, a community of karaites lived here.
In the 10th century, the Khazar King Joseph mentions this city as a khazar possession in his letter to Europe.
With the arrival of the ottomans, the life of the city begins to gradually subside. Ancestral estates were left by their founders alans, sarmatians, Rus and slavs. A hundred years later, only the jewish community remained. The jews even established a governor in the half-empty city, whom they elected from among themselves.
Some medieval chronographs placed Fulls near this city, otherwise why would Constantinople call its diocese in the Crimea Fullo-Sughdeyskaya.
In 1777, Sudak became part of the Russian Empire and received a new life with the same name. The city is gradually being revived, but on a different socio-cultural and architectural basis. He finds a new history, his old ancestral thread was interrupted.
Surozh-Sugdeya-Sudak turned into a ghost that wanders among the defeated ancient urban deserts in search of the spirit of the russian-slavs who founded this city at the beginning of the centuries.
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