Cities of Khazaria. Kromos Estatium
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The khazar cities here include not only those cities that were built by the khazar architects, but also those that were built before the arrival of the khazars, were used by the khazars for their needs and tasks for a long time.
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Sugrov alano-khazaro-polovtsian **
Also according to the chronicle Surtof.
The Bulgarians called the town Sygyr.
The tatars the word «sygyr» was understood as a crossing.
It is believed that the word «sughrov» is associated with the self-name one of the saviro-sarmatian ethnic groups. Russians identify Sugrov with a mountain, or with a hill.
The polovtsians had a Khan named Sugr, who was captured by Prince Svyatopolk in 1007.
Before the khazars came here, the city was called something else.
It was a city that was jointly owned by the khazars and polovtsians by agreement. However, it was founded as a fortress by the khazars together with the alans of yass, who led a sedentary lifestyle on the Donets river. So it follows from the chronicles.
Sugrov is mentioned in one place in the chronicle as a polovtsian city on the Donets river. The polovtsians also owned the cities of Sharukan and Balin on the Donets.
In another chronicle, the ownership and foundation of Sugrov is attributed to the yass who lived on the Donets river, who in polovtsian times led a sedentary, artisan lifestyle, which prompted them to keep a fortress in their settlement to resist the frequent raids of the polovtsians, who always led a nomadic lifestyle.
Sugrov was a small fortress of the Khazar Khaganate, under which since ancient times, even the alans built a town of craft and trade properties. Apparently, its position at a certain point in history became strategic, since the polovtsian khans and Princes of Rus went to it and tried to take it.
In 1110, the Grand Duke Svyatopolk Mikhail took Sugrov, burned it and destroyed all its fortifications.
In the Russian fasti under the year 1116, it is reported that Yaropolk and Davyd went to the Don and took Sugrov, Sharukan and Balin. There Yaropolk took to wife yass, which was called Yasynya.
In 1120, Monomakh went to the Donets river to reconcile many rebellious peoples to him. At that time, many polovtsians lived in the houses of the city of Sugrov, who refused to obey, drove the alans out of the fortress, and locked themselves in there with their Khan Sharukhan and his son Sarachin.
Monomakh did not long persuade the polovtsians to surrender, and set fire to the fortress walls as a punishment for the polovtsians who dared to stand in the way of Russia to it freedom, glory and victory.
From that time on, the name of the Kingdom of Vosporsky, called in the russian chronicles Tmutarakan Principality, disappeared in the annals, because it was through the Sugrov Tmutarakan princes and merchants carried out their plans for Severskaya Rus.
It is not known for certain where the Sugrov fortress stood. It can only be noted that in the Lviv region there is a village of Sugrov. The bulgarian chronicle Gazi-Baraj tarikhy puts Sugrov at the crossing of the Don.
The place of the crossing with the fortifications of Sygyr and Sugrov is well identified with the settlements on both sides of the Don, in the area near the village of Sugroby, which stands between Lebedyan and Dankov.
Sugrov are also located in the village of Krasnaya Gorka, which is on the Bakhmutka river, and which historians equate to the chronicled Salnitsa river, mentioned by chroniclers in connection with the city of Sugrov.
At the Bakhmut crossing, trade caravan routes from West to East really crossed with the North-South trade river route. In addition, this crossing was one day's journey from Don to Sugrov, as the chronicle reminds of.
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