Cities of Khazaria. Kromos Estatium
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The khazar cities here include not only those cities that were built by the khazar architects, but also those that were built before the arrival of the khazars, were used by the khazars for their needs and tasks for a long time.
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Salt on the Seversky Donets **
The city of Salt is identified with a large settlement near the present village of Verkhny Saltov.
In the 7th century, this city was part of the cities of Khazaria. The city was located on the right side of the Seversky Donets on a hill extending 40 meters above the river. The city ceased to function at the end of the 10th century.
Judging by the burial grounds left here, representatives of different ethnic groups lived in the city, but the alans remained the main part of the urban population.
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The word «salt» in the indo-iranian and turkic-speaking lexicon means brilliance, gold, wealth, solidity, splendor, pomp, luxury. The state of Salt together with its Tsars Salt and Saltan walk through the myths and legends of the south of Russia to this day.
In Dagestan, the word «salt» meant the place high in the mountains where gazavat was born. It was the ancestral villages, where grown children, the future soldiers of jihad, the heirs of Shamil. Among the Russian squads, the phrase was in use: submit or the tail of your Salts will not remain, even though they hid in the sky.
In Dagestan, there is the village of Salta, which in Shamil's time was a fortress, as well as other important points: Gunib, Hunzakh, Chokh
Saltanat call a richly decorated girl, bride, woman.
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The city occupied a very large territory, which archaeologists estimate at 120 hectares. This is more than one square kilometer.
The entire fortress is divided in two by a deep moat that goes to the river. In one part, the òorth-öest, there was a Citadel surrounded by stone walls and ramparts with moats. Behind the Citadel was the posad. The entire complex was surrounded by high ramparts and ditches.
After settlements shafts were scattered a few villages, which occupied an area greater than the city itself.
The dwellings were rectangular 4 by 5 meters semi-dugouts, with walls of poles or log cabins dug into the ground for one and a half meters. In the middle of the dwelling was a stone oven. The floor was covered with sand. There were cellars and small buildings on the plot. There were places for yurts on the territory of the townships.
Outside the city wall, in the villages, artisans were engaged in making pottery, fishing gear, making spinning wheels for looms, jewelry made of gold, bronze, silver and glass, repairing and making weapons for soldiers, as well as tools for farmers, pastoralists, and fishermens.
The women of the city wore two earrings with a teardrop pendant, and the men wore one earring in the form of an oval ring, decorated with a ball tilted to one side.
There were also metallurgical workshops in the suburbs. Raw-cast forges for iron production was found near Stary Saltov. There were similar horns in other villages.
There were four types of burial grounds: catacomb, pitless and underburned burial grounds, and burial grounds with cremation rites.
Service members were buried with full uniforms and weapons, often with horses next to them, in a separate pit.
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