СБОРНИК ТЕКСТОВ И УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
«LET ME INTRODUCE MYSELF»
По дисциплине Английский язык
Специальности: 26.02.03. «Судовождение»,
26.02.05. «Эксплуатация судовых энергетических установок»
Предназначена: для совершенствования навыков чтения и устной речи курсантов по темам: «Знакомство», «Мой колледж», «Мой день в колледже», «Моя будущая специальность», «Российская Федерация», «Москва», «Санкт-Петербург», «Порт Санкт-Петербург», «В порту».
Автор-составитель: преподаватель английского языка М. Рылова
Ломоносов
2018
Содержание
Введение……….………………………………………………………… 3 стр.
1. Read the text About myself……………………………………………4 стр.
2. Answer the questions………………………………………………….4 стр.
3. Make a dialogue. Discuss your lifestyle with your partner……………4 стр.
4. Read and translate the text My college………………………………..5 стр.
5. Work with your partner. Translate and answer the questions…………7 стр.
6. Make a presentation about your college (guide an excursion)……….. 8 стр.
7. Read and translate the text My day at college………………………...8 стр.
8. Read and translate the texts. Compare the duties. Tell about your profession. My future profession…………………………………………………………9 стр.
9. Read and translate the text The Russian Federation………………… 10 стр.
10. True/False…………………………………………………………….11 стр.
11. Continue the phrase from the left column with the one from the right.11 стр.
12. Answer the questions. Give the full answers………………………… 11 стр.
13. Guess the words……………………………………………………….12 стр.
14. Fill in the gaps with the words from the column……………………...14 стр.
15. Read and translate the text about Moscow……………………………14 стр.
16. Read and translate the text about Saint Petersburg……………………15 стр.
17. Read and translate the text about The Port of Saint Petersburg……….18 стр.
18. Make a report of Saint Petersburg. Choose any aspect you like……....18 стр.
19. Read and translate. In the port…………………………………………18 стр.
20. Retell the text in the past……………………………………………… 19 стр.
21. Список использованных источников………………………………..20 стр.
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Введение
Цель методической разработки: совершенствования навыков чтения и устной речи курсантов по темам: «Знакомство», «Мой колледж», «Мой день в колледже», «Моя будущая специальность», «Российская Федерация», «Москва», «Санкт-Петербург», «Порт Санкт-Петербург», «В порту».
Методическая разработка представляет собой сборник текстов и упражнений по английскому языку для курсантов 1 и 2 курса судоводительской и судомеханической специальностей. Задания направлены на отработку произношения, изучение новой лексики, отработку нового грамматического материала, совершенствование навыков устной и письменной речи. Это –чтение и перевод текстов, ответы на вопросы, упражнения «True or False», тестовые задания, написание эссе, устный доклад по теме, подготовка к уроку-экскурсии.
Тексты и задания могут быть использованы как для работы на занятиях, так и для самостоятельной работы.
Методическая разработка позволяет систематизировать и разнообразить знания курсантов по теме за счет дополнительных текстов, различных лексико-грамматических конструкций, упражнений на понимание смысла прочитанного, проверки умения делать выводы и выделять главное, работать с текстом, вести монологическую и диалогическую речь.
В каждом разделе темы дана лексика для изучения, тексты, сноски малоизвестных терминов, слов и выражений, вопросы.
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1. Read and translate the text
About myself
My name is Oleg Petrov. I was born in 1974 in the seaman’s family in Vladivostok. At that time my father was a motorman, now he is Chief Engineer of a big cargo ship. My mother is a doctor, she works at a hospital.
I’ve got a sister and a brother. Both my sister and my brother are younger than me.
When I was a child we lived together with our grandmother. She died two years ago. At that time our grandmother didn’t work, she was on pension. She kept house as my father was most of the time at sea and my mother was very busy at hospital. We helped our granny, going shopping, cleaning the flat and washing up.
At the age of seven I went to school. My favourite subject was physics. I was good at mathematics, English and history.
We had a very good nautical club at our school. We learnt to row and navigate small boats. When I finished school my father advised me to become a seaman.
I followed his advice. Now I am a cadet of Lomonosov Marine College of the Navy.
2. Answer the questions:
1. What’s your name?
2. What’s your surname?
3. Where are you from?
4. What’s your date of birth?
5. Where were you born?
6. Where do you live?
7. Have you got a family?
8. Is your family big?
9. How many members are there?
10. Have you got brother or sister?
11. What’s your occupation?
12. What are your family members’ occupation?
13. What is your profession?
14. What is your hobby?
15. What is your native city?
3. Make a dialogue. Discuss your lifestyle with your partner.
4. Read and translate the text
My college
• Good morning. My name is… I am the first year cadet of The Lomonosov Marine College of Navy. Meet my colleagues: cadet…..,…,… We study at the Marine Engineering department.
• We are at the teaching block of the college. Its history dates back to 1945 when the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Navy issued a decision of founding a nautical college to train professionals to work on board auxiliary vessels. Classes began on the 22nd of February 1947 and this date is considered to be the building of our college.
• The Lomonosov Nautical College is widely known not only in the North West of Russia. Cadets come to the college from different regions: from the Far East, from the Crimea and many other former USSR countries. There are many colleges in our country, which train professionals for the Navy, the Fishing Marine and the fishing fleet. Our college is the only one that trains personnel for the Auxiliary fleet. .
• During more than 70 years the college has been training more than 2000 workers. The GMDSS Training and Exercise Center, which has the certificate of approval of the Russian Federation is successfully functioning in the college where the navigational staff of the Navy is trained Permanent courses of boat masters of small-size fleet are prepared for those who wishes to take exams in GIMS for the right to manage the jet ski, motor-boat, boat and yacht.
• There are 3 floors in the teaching block altogether. The ground floor is Marine Engineering Department, The first floor is Administration, the second floor is the Navigation department and the third floor is the place where the general and human sciences are studied, there is a library (a reading hall) as well.
• The college has got laboratories and workshops. The labs of the Navigation faculty – the leading one in our college – are fitted with the modern techniques such as electronic aids, different sort of simulators, radar systems, automatic control systems, for example, the Decca Navigator simulator classes, practical training and seminars in different subjects are taken by experienced teachers and qualified specialists. They train professional ship’s engineers.
• And now we are going to see a couple of electronic aids and marine engineering machinery in the classes of the Marine Engineering Department. Follow me, please.
• We are in one of the classrooms of the marine engineering department. There are 2 departments and 2 faculties in our college: the Navigation and the Marine Engineering departments and Radio-Engineering and Electro-Mechanical faculties. Our college trains navigators, radio-operators, marine and electrical engineers. One can enter the college if he has a completed secondary education (11 forms), if he has good physical form to pass the running test and the results of the state examination in Russian and maths.
• Our college trains navigators, radio-operators, marine and electrical engineers. One can enter the college if he has a completed secondary education (11 forms), if he has good physical form to pass the running test and the results of the state examination in Russian and maths.
• The marine engineering department trains chief marine engineers. Cadets study technical appliancies which they are going to deal with. To meet this goal there are such classrooms as: internal combustion engines, steam boilers and turbines and auxiliary machinery. You can see here some of their models.
• There are several types of boilers: steam boilers, fire-tube boilers and water-tube ones. Steam boilers have become more complex with the development of power generation. They are boiler tubes tied into the watercirculation system. Fire-tube boilers consist of a cylindrical shell, they are fixed with corrugated furnaces and return-tube fire tubes. Water-tube boilers are distinguished from the fire-tube ones. Water circulates through the boiler tubes instead of surrounding them outside.
• There are models of 4-cycle diesel engines, electro-stands helping to study the construction and principle of engines operation in the classroom of internal combustion engines.
• There is a big quantity of pumps models – pistons, vane, screw – in the auxiliary machinery classroom. There are also a model and a stand of helm’s machinery. The cadets study refrigerator plant, which is in the ship’s auxiliary machinery classroom.
• All technical appliances stated in the classrooms is used on board auxiliary fleet vessels, where our graduates are going to work.
• Besides professional subjects we study maths, informatics, we have physical training and English classes.
• There are 2 English language classroom and English language laboratory in our college. So, let’s see one of them.
• We are on the second floor. It is the navigation department. We are in an English language class-room. The class-room is fitted with stands and posters, concerning English grammar, phonetics, topics devoted to the development of Russian Auxilliary fleet, history of the Port of Saint Petersburg, schemes of engines, commands etc. We discuss different topics here, such as the first sea voyage, sailing practice, our duties as future ship’s engineers, history of our city and its suburbs, of our capital, of our country, we get acquainted with history and culture of Great Britain, we study types of ships and their parameters, engine-room machinery characteristics, safety rules at sea and many other useful information on our profession in English.
• As future ship’s engineers we are going to work on board auxiliary vessels. It will be in several years. The first years besides English we have mostly general sciences, such as maths, informatics, ecology, human sciences, such as communicative psychology AND philosophy. Now we are going to the third floor to see some of the classrooms. follow me, please
• We are on the third floor. Here are two faculties of human and general sciences and a reading hall.
• We study informatics here, maths, ecology, engineering graphics, economy, philosophy and communicative psychology.
• We are in the human sciences classroom. The next year we are going to study philosophy and psychology here. There are colorful stands telling us about different places of interest in saint petersburg, and a worldwide map.
• The classroom is fitted with the modern technical appliaces such as an overhead projector and a screen, so sometimes we have english classes here as well.
• Our college has a lot to be proud of. Our graduates sail on different types of vessels as captains and chief mates. Some of them were awarded a medal for Valiant Labour. The tanker “Sayany” has been renamed into “Captain Osipov” in honour of our former cadet A. S. Osipov who was her captain for many years. Hoping you have enjoyed our excursion we would like to thank you for your attention and to say good bye. Welcome to ask questions.
5. Work with your partner. Translate and answer the questions:
• Сколько специальностей в колледже?
• Когда колледж празднует свой День Рождения?
• Где находится санчасть?
• Где живут курсанты?
• Сколько лет нужно учиться на судомеханическом отделении?
• Почему Вы выбрали эту специальность?
• Есть ли в колледже клуб?
• Курсанты живут в колледже весь год, или у них бывает отпуск?
• Во сколько начинаются и заканчиваются занятия?
• У курсантов помимо учебы есть свободное время, не так ли?
• В колледже есть библиотека?
• Когда Вы выпуститесь из колледжа, кем Вы будете?
6. Make a presentation about your college (guide an excursion)
7. Read and translate the text
My day at college
I am a naval cadet of Lomonosov Marine College. I want to be a seaman as I like sea very much. I study at the navigation department. The college is our home. We stay here.
Our working day begins early. I get up at 7 a.m. I do morning exercises; make our beds and line-up for the roll-call.
I take breakfast for 20 minutes.
The bell rings at 9 o’clock sharp and our lessons begin. We have 3 classes a day. Each of them lasts an hour and a half including five-minute break. Best of all I like navigation and English.
I have dinner at 2.20 p.m.
I go in for sports after the classes.
I take supper at 6 p.m.
I prepare my tasks and attend consultations after lessons.
My day ends at 11 o’clock in the evening, when after the taps we go to bed.
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8. Read and translate the texts. Compare the duties. Tell about your profession.
My future profession
9. Read and translate the text: The Russian Federation
The Russian Federation (Russia) is the world’s largest country in area. It extends from the Arctic Ocean to the Black Sea and from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean . It is located in Europe and in Asia . Its total area is over 17 million square kilometres. Russia borders many countries, such as Finland, the Ukraine, the Baltic States , China, Mongolia, and others.
The surface of Russia is various . You can see lowlands and highlands , forests and wide grassland on its territory. The Russian Federation is situated on two plains . The longest mountain chains are the Urals , which separate Europe and Asia, the Caucasus , the Altai . There are many rivers and lakes in our country. Major rivers include the Volga in Europe, the Yenisei, the Ob, and the Lena in Asia. Lake Baikal in Siberia is the world’s deepest lake.
There are different climatic zones on the vast area of our country. In the north , it is very cold, even in summer. The central part of the country has a mild climate. In the south, it is warm, even in winter. The climate of Siberia is continental : summers are hot and dry , winters are very cold.
Russia has abundant natural resources, which, besides large areas of forests, vast fertile soils , and a great water supply , include large deposits of gas, coal , iron ore and etc. Three quarters of the mineral wealth are concentrated in Siberia and the Far East.
The population of Russia is over 150 million people. Most of Russia’s people (over 80 percent) are ethnic Russians , but more than 100 minority nationalities also live in our country. The European part of the country is densely populated . Most of the people (about 70%) prefer to live in cities , towns , and other outskirts . The official language of the country is Russian.
The head of the state is the President, who is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces . The President appoints the ministers, but they must be approved by the Federal Assembly. The head of the government is the Prime Minister .
The Russian flag was adopted in 1991. It has three horizontal stripes which symbolize: white – the earth, blue – the sky, red – the freedom. Besides the Russian flag, there is another national symbol of Russia – a two-headed eagle.
10. True/False
1. Russia extends from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea.
2. Lake Baikal is the world’s deepest sea.
3. Russia has the same climate in different regions.
4. Russia has abundant natural resources.
5. There are lowlands and highlands as well as forests and grassland in Russia.
6. The head of the government is the President
7. The Russian flag was adopted in 1993.
8. White stripe symbolize – the peace.
9. The Asian part of Russia is densely populated.
10. There are over 80% are ethnic Russians.
11. Continue the phrase from the left column with the one from the right
The Russian Federation (Russia) was adopted in 1991
The surface of Russia is the President
Lake Baikal in Siberia is densely populated
Three quarters of the mineral wealth has a mild climate
The central part of the country is the world’s largest country in area
The European part of the country is various
The Russian flag is the world’s deepest lake
The head of the state are concentrated in Siberia and the Far East
12. Answer the questions. Give the full answers:
1) Where is the Russian Federation located?
2) What is its total area?
3) Is the surface of Russia similar?
4) What kind of surface can you see in Russia?
5) How many plains is the Russian Federation situated on?
6) Are the Urals separate Europe and Asia or Europe and America?
7) Name the major rivers of the Russian Federation.
8) Describe Russian climate.
9) Does Russia border Canada?
10) What natural resources can you name?
11) Is there over 100 million people, forming the population of Russia.
12) Which percentage do ethnic Russians form?
13) Is the European part of the country densely populated?
14) Where do the most of people prefer to live?
15) What is the official language of the country?
16) Who is the head of the state?
17) Whom does the President appoint?
18) Who is the head of the government?
19) When was the Russian flag adopted?
20) What does it symbolize?
13. Guess the words:
1) The other name of the Russian Federation
2) The head of the state
3) The head of the government
4) Organization approving ministers – Federal _____
5) A river in Russia, a female name
6) An ocean in the eastern part of the country
7) A part of world
8) A part (a region) of Russia
9) A type of the surface
10) The biggest river in the European part of Russia
11) This country borders Russia in the South-East
12) A Northern-Western sea
13) A group of mountains (synonym)
14) A part of the world and name of one of the poles
15) A Southern Russian sea
16) The two-headed Russian symbol
17) A state (synonym)
18) A River in Siberia
19) A Western part of Eurasia
20) A River in the Asian part of Russia
21) A resource, a metal
22) A ground appropriate for growing plants
23) A mountain chain dividing European part from the Asian
2
4
1
23
3 16
6 12
9 15
18 5 11 20
17
8 19 22
14
7 13 21
10
14. Fill in the gaps with the words from the column
Russian … (1) and nature are various – taiga forests, steppes, wide leaf forests, mountains, polar earths. It is washed by the three … (2) – Atlantic, Northern, Icy and Pacific. Moscow is the … (3) of Russia. It is one of the oldest cities. Saint Petersburg is the second largest … (4) of Russia and its cultural capital. In different times it has different names and status – It was a capital during tsars’ times. There is a tradition of renaming cities, streets and places and according to the ruling authority Russian … (5) makes the country worldwide maritime power. There are lots of mountains such Altai and … (6). Russia has the worldwide deepest lake … (7). Climate depends on region: arctic, subarctic, temperate and… (8). It has many resоrts and natural reserves.
Peter the First (or Peter the Great) “opened a … (9) to Europe for Russia”. He taught Russian people to build … (10), he brought a new architectural style from Europe – baroque – and made it a tradition. Many talented architects and sculptors taught their … (11) colleagues to build new cities and residences. These style differed a lot from Russian traditions, so did all customs and culture. Russian Empire became … (12) power. Peter the Great abolished the Boyar Duma. He brought many holidays in Russia, which has become … (13), for example New Year and many others. BAIKAL
CAPITAL
CITY
CLIMATE
MARITIME
OCEANS
RUSSIAN
SEAPORTS
SHIPS
SUBTROPICAL
TRADITIONAL
URAL
WINDOW
15. Read and translate the text about Moscow
Moscow was founded in 1147. At first it was a small village but soon in 1556 it was walled and became a town with a strong fortress on the bank of the Moskva-river.
The town developed quickly due to its favourable geographical position. In the 13th century Moscow was ruined by the Tatar invaders. For many years it paid tribute to the Tatar khans. But at the end of the 14th century the Russian people rose against the invaders and defeated them.
In the 16th century Moscow was a trade and administrative centre of the country and it became the capital of Russia.
At the beginning of the 18th century the capital moved from Moscow to St. Petersburg. But Moscow continued to grow as a trading centre.
With the invasion of Napoleon Moscow was destroyed by fire in 1812, but soon it was rebuilt.
In 1918 Moscow became the capital of the country again. Now it is a great political, economic and cultural centre of Russia. The heart of the city is the Kremlin and the Red Square. Moscow is also a great industrial centre.
The population of the city is over 10 mln people. It is one of the largest cities in Europe.
Moscow is a great cultural centre. There are many universities, institutes, colleges, libraries, theatres, museums, art galleries there. Moscow is famous for its historical monuments, beautiful parks and squares and also for its metro. The metro lines are more than 300 km long. Every day over 7 million passengers are carried by underground trains.
Thousand block-of-flats are built in the city every year. According to the General Plan of Reconstruction of the city a lot of metro lines, new building and modern sport facilities will be build in Moscow in the near future.
16. Read and translate the text about Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is lоcated in Nоrth Western part оf Russia in the mоuth оf Neva River. It is оne оf Russian seapоrts and cultural capital. Its pоpulatiоn, mоre than 7 milliоns, makes it the 3rd largest pоpulated city in the wоrld. In 2013 the city is gоing tо celebrate its 310th Anniversary. In different times city had different names: till 1914 it was Saint Petersburg (the city оf Saint Peter). In the beginning оf 20th century the First Wоrld war began against German cоnquerоrs, sо Nicоlas the Secоnd, Russian Emperоr, decided tо rename the capital intо Petrоgrad (Peter’s city). In 1922 after Lenin’s death, the city was named Leningrad and wоre this name till 1991, when Sоviet Uniоn disintegrated. Since September 1991 the city was returned its histоrical name – Saint Petersburg.
Nоwadays Saint Petersburg – the largest centre оf wоrld and Russian culture, famоus fоr its splendid architectural ensembles, palaces, museums. The city is оne оf the mоst attractive wоrld tоurist centres. There are abоut 50 art galleries, exhibitiоn halls оf cоntempоrary art.
Wоrldwide fame оf Saint Petersburg is shоwn in its unique architecture, mоnuments, museums and theatres – State Hermitage, State Russian Museum, Mariinsky оpera and ballet hоuse, Philharmоnic halls, State University, palace and park ensembles оf Peterhоf, Pushkin, Pavlоvsk, Gatchina.
Culture
Histоrical centre оf Saint Petersburg and its suburbs: Lоmоnоsоv, Peterhоf, Strelna, Pushkin and Pavlоvsk were included in UNESCО wоrldwide heritage – the tоtal number оf attractions is mоre than 4000.
Saint Petersburg is a city оf museums. Tоday оne can visit abоut 2000 museums. A lоt оf theatres wоrk in the city. Yearly the city hоlds many internatiоnal festivals оf art, music, theatre, cоntests, hundreds оf exhibitiоns and the first night perfоrmances, classical music cоnсerts in the interiоrs оf palaces, оpen-air cоncerts, parties, perfоrmances оf classical music, оpera, swing and salsa, “Red Sails” with regattas under drifted apart bridges оn Neva River during “The White Nights” periоd, fоlk perfоrmance at Christmas, Pancake week perfоrmances at the central streets and in parks оf the city and suburbs.
In suburbs – Peterhоf, Repinо, Zelenоgоrsk, Kоmarоvо, Sestrоrezk – tоurists can relax in picturesque SPA-hоtels, resоrts and health&care centres, that wоrk all year rоund and enjоy the nature – fоrests, lakes, shоres оf Finnish Gulf.
Histоry
St. Petersburg, recently celebrated its tercentenary, often called the "Northern Capital" of Russia - is not only an open-air museum, but also reflection of the last three hundred years of Russian history. Having been survived 11 Emperors, dozens of floods, three revolutions, three years of terrible blockade and economic reform, Saint-Petersburg is able to surprise even the most experienced and capricious tourists.
On 27 May 1703, the day of the Holy Trinity, the fortress "St. Peterburgh” was founded. This day is considered to be the day of foundation of St. Petersburg. The city was named in honor of the Apostle St. Peter, who is considered to be the keeper of the keys to paradise, according to the Christian tradition. And it is believed that Peter is one of the patrons of the city, protecting it from the troubles and disasters. Only a few years later the fortress was renamed in the Peter and Paul Fortress - under the name of its main cathedral.
Among the largest cities in Europe St. Petersburg is one of the youngest. The houses were built of stone, and the buildings, that had been erected before 1917, are almost entirely preserved. There are about 18 thousands old buildings in the city. The territory of the city from Obvodny channel to the Neva River and from the Alexander Nevsky Monastery to the port looks almost the same as before 1917. There is no city in Europe or America where You could find so many preserved old buildings. Moreover, St.Petersburg is the only city in the world, where you can see the buildings of different architectural styles such as Classicism, Eclecticism and Art Nouveau.
Since the middle of the XVIII century and until now St. Petersburg is the fourth most populated city in Europe. The championship has been always held by London and Paris, but between Naples, Vienna, Berlin and Moscow there was a struggle for European bronze. St. Petersburg reached its maximal population in 1990: 5,2 million people. Now the city continues to hold its traditional fourth place after Moscow, London and Paris.
Russian Orthodoxy is the main religion in St. Petersburg (there are about 91% of the faithful people), but there are also followers of other religions, including Muslims (5%), Catholics (1%) and Jews (1%). Also, there are groups of Buddhists, Seventh-Day Adventists, representatives of the Salvation Army, Pentecostals, Jehovah's Witnesses, Mormons.
The churches and Cathedrals of St. Petersburg form an integral part of the architectural and cultural landscape of the city. Saint-Petersburg is a city of different nationalities and religions, where churches are open for different confessions. They give a special charm to the city landscape - sometimes exotic, sometimes classical silhouettes of mosques, churches, synagogues emphasize multinational character of the city.
St. Petersburg is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List as an important centre of tourism in Russia.
Getting arоund
City Layout
Peter the Great built his dream city on a cluster of islands in the marshland of the Gulf of Finland. To make sense of this boggy site, he designed a network of canals and bridges whose grueling construction cost the lives of many of the city's builders. The gift they left later generations is a city of remarkable logic and beauty despite the irregularity of its land.
The Neva River folds around the city center in a rounded number 7, taking in water from the city's dozens of canals before flowing out to the Baltic Sea. The city's main land artery is Nevsky Prospekt, a 4km-long (2 1/2-mile) avenue that slices across the city center roughly northwest to southeast. The city retains a coherent center even as it has expanded north, east, and south in recent decades. (The sea stops it from expanding westward.) Museums, hotels, and shopping are conveniently concentrated in and around Nevsky and the historical downtown. Train and bus stations are all attached to the subway system, which is fast and efficient even though the city has outgrown its overcrowded four lines.
Today's St. Petersburg houses five million residents and, like Moscow, is both dense and territorially large. That means a lot of walking even within the city center, but St. Petersburg is not nearly as unwieldy or overwhelming as its southern sister.
Don't be afraid to ask for detailed directions. It's also a good idea to carry your hotel business card with you, to show taxi drivers the name written in Russian to avoid misunderstandings.
17. Read and translate the text about The Port of Saint Petersburg
The port of Saint Petersburg was founded by Peter the First. The first vessel with entered the port was a Dutch sailing ship. That was in 1703. It was loaded with salt and wine. The port was then situated on Vasilievsky island, and the two columns, which stand near the Naval Museum, served as lighthouses.
All that time Russia badly needed this port as it had no sea outlet for its trade with the western countries. So, St. Petersburg was turned into the “window on Europe” through which Russia’s trade with those countries had to be conducted.
The new port developed quickly. At the beginning of the 19th century the port was visited by thousands of ships. The number of ships which called at the port of Petersburg to load and unload their goods increased from year to year. The port could not accommodate so many ships and their cargos. It therefore became necessary to transfer the port to another place. The mouth of the Neva was chosen for this purpose.
Later, when ships were built of iron and required deeper channels an harbours, the Morskoy canal was constructed in order to enable these ships to reach the port of Petersburg and load and discharge their cargoes there. This canal is dredged from time to time and its depth is kept to about twenty seven feet (four fathoms and three, or 8, 1/4 or 8,25 metres).
Though the port of Saint Petersburg is frozen over for some months of the year, traffic is never interrupted within it, as ships are conducted in and out when necessary by means of powerful ice-breakers. When the winter is not very severe the port is entered and left by ships without any help. Within the port there is a shipyard where ships rigged and repaired.
The Russian Government pays great attention to the building of new ports and the development of the existing ones. The port of Saint Petersburg plays an important role in the economic life of our country. It will be deepened to a greater depth in order to allow ships of deeper draught to enter the port; it will be equipped with more powerful cranes; new warehouses will be built; new modern ice-breakers and dredgers will be put into operation. The port of Saint Petersburg is and will be one of the most important ports of our country.
18. Make a report of Saint Petersburg. Choose any aspect you like (culture, history, geography, art, port, politics, sights etc.).
19. Read and translate. In the port
It is spring. The weather is fine. It is sunny. The wind is from the south and it is quite warm. The port of Saint Petersburg is open to navigation. There are many Russian and foreign ships in the port now. Some ships are leaving the port, some are entering it. The vessel which is entering the port is a pilot-cutter. The boat which is leaving the port is a life-boat. There are many people who are working in the port now. The dockers are loading and unloading the cargo. The engineers are overhauling the ships machinery and are making running repairs. The man who is speaking with the captain is a pilot.
It is early morning, but there are many people in the port. They are waiting for the s.s. “Zarya”. The “Zarya” is a cargo-passenger vessel. She is one of the best and most comfortable ship of the Baltic Steamship Company . Her speed is 15 knots. Her draught is 27 feet. The crew of the “Zarya” is large. Her captain is Comrade Voronov. He is one of the oldest and most experienced captains of the Baltic Steamship Company.
It is 8 a. m. The “Zarya” is approaching the port. It is coming from England. It is proceeding via Holland. The vessel is carrying general cargo. There are many passengers on board the ship. They are standing on deck, looking at the approaching land. The ship is proceeding at slow speed. The captain is standing on the bridge giving orders to the helmsman. It is 10 minutes past 9. The cargo-passenger ship “Zarya” is entering the port.
20. Retell the text in the past.
Список использованных источников
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4. Рылова М. А. «Методические рекомендации gо подготовке и проведению урока-экскурсии gо теме «морской колледж» для курсантов 1-го курса», Ломоносов, 2018
5. Электронный словарь «Мультитран» www.multitran.ru
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7. http://www.elara.ru/
8. http://www.abselectro.com/