On the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in the Oryol region and the conduct of the month of anti-tuberculosis propaganda (March 24 - April 24, 2019)
March 24 - World Tuberculosis Day
World Tuberculosis Day 2019 is held under the slogan “It's time to act”.
On this day, the World Health Organization calls on governments, communities affected by the problem of tuberculosis (TB), civil society organizations, health institutions, national and international partners to join forces under the motto “Identify, treat everyone, eliminate TB” (“Find. Treat. All. End TB ") so that no one is left without attention.
It's time to act! - It's time to eliminate TB!
March 24, 1882, went down in history as the day that opened the eyes of doctors to what they have to fight. On this day 137 years ago, Robert Koch made a sensational statement in Berlin about the discovery of the causative agent of this dangerous disease, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
In 1982, on the occasion of the centenary anniversary of the discovery of Robert Koch, the World Health Organization and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) made a proposal to declare March 24 the official World TB Day.
In the world, the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis is not easy.
Despite the active development of methods of diagnosis and treatment, the emergence of new drugs, tuberculosis is still a serious danger to human health.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2017, 10 million people, including 1 million children, became ill with tuberculosis on the globe in 2017.
TB is one of the 10 leading causes of death in the world. In 2017, tuberculosis killed 1.6 million people, including 0.3 million deaths among HIV-infected people.
About; of the world's population have latent tuberculosis - people are infected with tuberculosis bacteria, but (for the time being) have not gotten the disease and cannot transmit it, but have the risk of developing a disease over the course of a lifetime of 5-15%.
Tobacco use increases the risk of tuberculosis and death from it. 7.9% of the world's tuberculosis cases are due to smoking.
HIV and tuberculosis are a deadly combination and accelerate each other’s development. In people infected with HIV, the likelihood of developing an active form of tuberculosis increases 20-30 times.
People at risk from other health problems that weaken the immune system are also at higher risk of the disease.
At the World Health Assembly in May 2014. adopted a global tuberculosis control strategy “End the tuberculosis epidemic”. The goal is to end the tuberculosis epidemic by 2035.
By 2018 In Russia, the TB epidemic has stabilized with a tendency to improve it. Over the past 10 years (2008-2017), the incidence of tuberculosis has decreased by 43.2% (from 85.1 to 48.3 per 100 thousand population).
The incidence of tuberculosis in children under 14 years old decreased by 36.6% (from 15.3 to 9.7 per 100 thousand children).
The prevalence of tuberculosis at the end of the year decreased by 42.4% from 190.7 to 109.8 per 100 thousand people. Russia is the world leader in reducing tuberculosis mortality.
From 2008 to 2017 tuberculosis mortality decreased by 63.7% (from 17.9 to 6.5 per 100 thousand of population).
However, despite the fact that today it was possible to achieve a reduction in the main epidemiological indicators, tuberculosis in the Russian Federation remains one of the most pressing public health problems.
In the future, an increase in the number and proportion of patients with late stages of HIV infection, as well as an increase in the proportion of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis mycobacteria to anti-tuberculosis drugs, can negatively influence the epidemic process.
In the Oryol region, the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in 2018. continues to improve.
There is a decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis by 5.8%, the prevalence of tuberculosis by 4.9%.
The incidence of tuberculosis was 24.5 per 100 thousand population, the prevalence was 37.2 per 100 thousand population.
In 2018, 183 newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients were registered in the region (196 in 2017). Among them: permanent residents of the region - 150 people, in the prison sector of the city of Orel - 15 persons, BOMZH- 3, citizens of other territories of the Russian Federation - 8, foreign residents - 7.
The incidence of tuberculosis among children under 14 years in 2018. amounted to 3.5 per 100 thousand children, which is 32.7% lower than last year.
In total, 4 children fell ill with tuberculosis.
The incidence of tuberculosis among adolescents was not.
The death rate from tuberculosis in 2018 is 1.6 per 100 thousand people, which is 5.9% lower than last year. In total, 12 people died from tuberculosis on the territory of the Oryol Region, 5 of them are permanent residents, post-mortem detection is 2.
Of the 7 people who died of tuberculosis, these are newly diagnosed patients.
The epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in the Oryol region as well as in the Russian Federation is generally complicated by the combination of tuberculosis and HIV infection, an increase in the number of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
In total, 16 cases of TB / HIV among the permanent residents of the region were identified (2017 - 15).
The percentage of patients with comorbidity among all newly diagnosed patients increased and amounted to 10.8% (2017 - 8.9%).
In this situation, it is obligatory to examine patients with tuberculosis for the presence of HIV infection and those who are infected with HIV for the presence of tuberculosis disease, as well as prophylactic anti-tuberculosis treatment for all HIV-infected people.
Early detection of tuberculosis among various population groups is a priority measure for preventing tuberculosis disease.
Work on coverage of tuberculosis preventive examinations in 2018. in the Oryol region improved. For 2018, 556,615 people were examined for the detection of tuberculosis, which amounted to 74.5% (2017. - 73.4%). The coverage of the child population (1-17) is high and amounted to 97.4% (2017 - 96.5%). The coverage of the adult population was 69.4% (2017 - 68.4%). At present, it is necessary not only to increase the number of those examined, but to raise the quality of periodic examinations of groups at increased risk for tuberculosis.
Experience convincingly shows that a successful fight against tuberculosis is possible only with the unification of all interested forces and structures of society. A significant role is also assigned to preventive work, which depends not only on the socio-economic conditions of the population, but also on the level of culture of citizens, including their knowledge of tuberculosis prevention.
Every year, on March 24, the world community holds World Tuberculosis Day, in which the Russian Federation takes an active part.
In the Oryol region from March 24 to April 24, a month of anti-tuberculosis propaganda is held.
The purpose of the events is to involve the executive authorities in resolving issues related to the organization of prevention and treatment of tuberculosis; informing various segments of the population about the disease, the need for timely access to medical care; promotion of healthy lifestyles; formation of medical personnel general medical network alertness against tuberculosis.
The TB service of the Oryol region reminds that when a person develops an active form of tuberculosis, the symptoms (fatigue, weakness, fever, night sweats, weight loss, cough, shortness of breath, etc.) can be mild for many months. This can lead to late requests for medical care and the transfer of bacteria to other people. For a year, a person with tuberculosis can infect up to 10–15 other people with whom he has close contacts. If signs of disease appear, you should immediately consult a doctor!
Examination and treatment of tuberculosis is free.
THINK ABOUT YOUR HEALTH
AND
HEALTH OF YOUR FAMILY!
BUZ of the Oryol region "Oryol TB dispensary",
Orel, st. Tsvetaeva, 15, tel. 41-48-70, 41-45-53, 41-48-75.
Website: http://www.tbclinic.ru/
Administration BUZ Oryol region "OPTD"