Dmitry Mayorov 2
To this day, people argue about how the world and the man appeared . Not yet developed a general church and the Orthodox position on relations with the teaching of evolution . Therefore, the actual problem is the search of a solid foundation on which can converge the views of the Russian Orthodox Church and science community , both Russian and foreign . In our view, such " interaction fields " of religion and science can be several.
Fields dialogue between science and religion
First, both the responsibility of the scientist for his discovery before God and society , (i) which is not so much in the field of natural science apologetics, how much of the moral responsibility of the scientist , but the missionary must never lose sight of the ethical problems in dialogue with people of science ( ii).
Secondly, the interpretation of scientific discoveries from the point of view of biblical theology (iii).
Third, the actual natural science apologetics when comprehension of discoveries by scientists themselves are in an atheist way. Church or in previous centuries , nor can no longer remain on the sidelines when well-known scientists from the universities and the media openly criticized by the Church's teaching on the divine origin of the world . Then , speaking at the first position is apologetics , the defense of Church teaching , in which the opening of the natural sciences is not only ignored, but serve to apologetics. Natural Theology ( a method of natural knowledge of God , relying mainly on the cognitive abilities of the person ) acts as a promising field in the dialogue of religious and non-religious worldviews.
At the beginning of XX century, the conflict between the scientific and religious worldviews in the West gradually disappears and , since the second half of the last century, the debate gives way to a fruitful dialogue . In Russia, this fact is well known , unfortunately, only a few specialists in the humanities . Academic discipline "science and religion" is taught mainly in the departments of theology and religious studies, and to date there is no authoritative and universally recognized university textbook on the subject (iv). Experts in the field of natural science, even at the highest level , is still the scientific and religious world is irreconcilable antagonists.
Analysis of extensive foreign and domestic literature on the interaction of science and religion (v) allows us to formulate , in our view , " Highlights of the natural science of apologetics » (vi)
The most controversial issues in our opinion , the following :
1. Is the world was created by the multi-billion dollar evolution, or its appearance - the fruit of God's direct creation in six days ? (vii)
2 . If the biblical story - the truth is, how billions of years , which says modern science and six days is talking about God's prophet Moses in the book of Genesis ? (viii)
3 . "Fine tuning" of global constants needed for the emergence of the universe and stable existence - " anthropic principle " - what it is: an accident (weak anthropic principle) or need (strong anthropic principle) ? This is not evidence of God's existence ? (ix)
4 . Man evolved from apes or literally created out of the dust of the earth ? Is it possible to reconcile these seemingly irreconcilable positions? (x)
5 . The Christian doctrine of the Fall is an allegory , a myth or a real event ? If Adam - not a real historical figure , but simply a man , and the fruit of evolution, then what is he broke ? Dare from a monkey to become a man ? (xi)
6. Is there any scientific evidence of the Flood , the existence of Noah's Ark , the Tower of Babel was a Jewish Exodus from Egypt and other biblical events ? (xii)
7. Who is Christ? Mythical or legendary figure actually existed " a liar ", " mad " (as characterized by its mythical and historical atheistic school) ? Or Christ - the Son of God came down really , truly God and the Messiah , the promised Redeemer of Israel and the Savior from sin, death and damnation ? (xiii)
8. Miracles recorded in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament miracles is committed in the long history of the Christian Church from its inception to the present day , are called miracles because they do contradict natural laws of nature. But if this is so, were they really? Can science prove or disprove their reality ?
9. Science and religion are in a permanent state of conflict? The scientific outlook opposed to religious - approval of the detractors of religion. They argue the defenders of religion, talking about the different areas of the existence of one or the other (xiv).
The discussion of each issue in isolation leads us gradually to realize the idea of ;;the possibility of fruitful co-operation of men of science and religion.
Bibliography , placed at the bottom of this article will help the reader understand these difficult questions from the Orthodox point of view.
LITERATURE AND INTERNET RESOURCES :
I.Ivanov MS, assistant professor of MDA . The Christian attitude to nature. Acts of the speech delivered by October 14, 1975 at the annual act of the Moscow Theological Academy / / Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate , 1975 , № 11, pp. 40-42 : " Today the world as it reminds people of the Earth about himself, about his painful , a state of crisis . Man is called ... to the creative work, to transform , to create. He - the lord of the world, and only in this world finds its identity , the meaning of his existence and his creative conclusion. So it wishes to abandon exposure to at least naive. The environment is suffering , not because people act on it , but because such an effect is often wrong . "
II.Mayorov DN The educational value of traditional moral values ;;. / / Problems of Pedagogical Innovation in a professional school. Proceedings of the 6th Inter-regional interdisciplinary scientific conference with the participation of near and far abroad - St. Petersburg , Russian State Pedagogical University, 2005 , S.673
Nesteruck A. Logos and space : Theology , Science and Orthodox tradition / Per. from English. (Series "Theology and Science" ) . Moscow: Biblical Theological Institute of St.. Pref . Andrew, 2006 .
III. Noteworthy textbooks on the subject of " Science and Religion" : S. Devyatova " Modern Christianity and Science" , Moscow: Nauka , 1994, Arinina EI benefits and the priest Demetrius Kir'yanova
Mumrikov Oleg , a priest . Natural science apologetics : introduction to the subject / / Scientific and theological portal Bogoslov.ru - Electronic resource : http://www.bogoslov.ru/text/319657.html. Access Date 26.11.10
see also the review by the natural science of apologetics : Osipov AI , Paul
IV. Giants priest . Apologetics / / "Orthodox Encyclopedia" in the 25 - min . , M. , "The Orthodox Encyclopedia" , 2001 , Vol.1, P.83
Tcipin L., Fr. So what are the Days of Creation? The central problem of exegesis Hexaemeron . - Kiev : Prologue, 2005 . See also the article : chamomile , A., Fr. About sectarian origin of the so -called scientific creationism / / Theological Collection Novosibirsk diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church . - Novosibirsk . , 2007 . - № 3 . - S. 48-64 .
V. Discussion of a literal interpretation of the biblical Hexaemeron - creation of the world in 6 days: Sysoev , D. Fr. Annals of beginning. - Moscow: Axios , 2003; Sysoev , D. Fr. "Who is like God ? " Lasted or how many days of Creation. - Moscow : Publishing Dushepopechitelskogo Center St.. rights . John of Kronstadt , 2003 .
VI.Barrow J.D., Tippler F.J. The anthropic cosmological principle. Oxford University Press, 1986
VII. Muravnik GL " The paradox of man : a new look at an old problem ": " What conclusion can be made on the basis of the scientific evidence we have today ? Is it possible to " reconcile" the idea of ;;the creation of man by God with the data of modern anthropology ? I think, yes . But first we have to realize that the person coming into the world - a phenomenon not only material but also spiritual . In this way opens up new horizons. The true story of scientific inquiry - this story revelations. But are we ready for it today ? '. http://u209.48.spylog.com/cnt?f=3&p=1 Access Date 15.04.2007 , see also Christopher B. Stringer. The origin of modern humans / / "In the world of science" , 1991 , № 2 . , Pp. 60 .
VIII-XIV. The sharpest criticism of the evolutionary origin of man in the three priests of the ROC and ROCOR Daniil Sysoev , Constantine Bufeeva and Timothy Alferov , Khomenkov AS Online http://www.shestodnev.ru/ and their works :
Timothy Alferov , Fr. Two cosmogony. Evolutionary theory in light of the patristic teaching of creation science and argument . - M. ;;Palmer , 1999;
Alferov , T., Fr. When was the Stone Age / / Divine Revelation and Modern Science : Almanac : Issue 1. - M. ;;Palmer , 2001 . - S. 90-106 .
Buffer K., Fr. As a missionary evolutionary abode not in Orthodoxy / Orthodox Faith and the theory of evolution. In defense of the patristic doctrine of creation mira , life and man. - St. Petersburg. : Society of St. Basil the Great , 2003 . - S. 340-352 .
Sysoev , D. Fr. Annals of beginning. - Moscow: Axios , 2003;
Sysoev , D. Fr. "Who is like God ? " Lasted or how many days of Creation. - Moscow : Publishing Dushepopechitelskogo Center St.. rights . John of Kronstadt , 2003 .
Homenkov A. Why do some anthropoid apes ? / / Divine Revelation and Modern Science : Almanac : Issue 1. - M. ;;Palmer , 2001 . - S. 194-233 .
Homenkov A. The evolutionary myth and modern science / Shestodnev against evolution in defense of the patristic doctrine of creation. - M. ;;Palmer , 2000 . - S. 65-122